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--- library:astrometrics [2021/07/31 21:41] – [Units] site_admin
+++ library:astrometrics [2024/01/03 02:45] (current) – [Interstellar Travel] site_admin
@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 <tabbox Units>
 <fs x-large>**Basic Units of Measure**</fs>\\
-The three fundamental units of measure are [[#distance|distance]], [[#mass|mass]], and [[#time|time]].  They are considered "fundamental" because all other units of measure in the universe rely on them.  The units of measure used within Starfleet and the Federation are based on the Terran metric system.  They are: the meter, the gram, and the minute.  When used together in various permutations, we achieve the basis for measuring the known (and unknown) universe around us.  As examples, speed is distance over time, while volume is a cubic variation of distance.  Additional examples include density: a fundamental measure of chemical substances that is a combination of mass and volume, while gravity is a measure of force that's determined by the distance between two objects of mass.  Altogether, the fundamental units of measure permit definition of our universe, and forms the basis upon which science and mathematics are built. \\ \\
+The three fundamental units of measure are [[#distance|distance]], [[#mass|mass]], and [[#time|time]].  They are considered "fundamental" because all other units of measure in the universe rely on them.  The units of measure used within Starfleet and the Federation are based on the Terran metric system.  They are: the meter, the gram, and the day.  When used together in various permutations, we achieve the basis for measuring the known (and unknown) universe around us.  As examples, speed is distance over time, while volume is a cubic variation of distance.  Additional examples include density: a fundamental measure of chemical substances that is a combination of mass and volume, while gravity is a measure of force that's determined by the distance between two objects of mass.  Altogether, the fundamental units of measure permit definition of our universe, and forms the basis upon which science and mathematics are built. \\ \\
 <BOOKMARK:distance><fs large>**__Distance__**</fs>\\ \\
 Scientifically, the most efficient way to establish a unit of distance is to find a global (or universal) distance and divide it into smaller units using powers of ten (10) as a denominator or multiplier (ten represents a mathematical change in decimal place). On Earth, the original distance used for the metric system was the distance between the north pole and the equator, which was then divided into 10 million smaller units, and signified the base unit of measure: the meter. Since most life-bearing worlds that play host to a scientifically enlightened species are roughly the same size as Earth, most of them used a version the meter based on some rudimentary aspect of their home world.  While a meter equates to 10 million delineations of the distance between Earth's north pole and equator, the metric system dictates the use of multiples of ten to define larger and smaller delineations in order to measure macro and micro distances, respectively.  While there are limitless extrapolations of the meter via multiples of ten, the eight most common are as follows:
@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 \\
 <BOOKMARK:time><fs large>**__Time__**</fs>\\ \\
-The base unit of time -- the minute -- is established by the vibration frequency of the cesium-133 atom at a temperature of zero Kelvin (-273.15°C), which is exactly 483,495,660,575 vibrations from the ground state of the isotope to a hyperfine energy level. This is the most stable and reproducible phenomena in nature, as it is accurate over a time span of hundreds of millions of years.
+The base unit of time -- the day -- is established by the vibrational frequency of the cesium-133 atom (expressed as Δ//v//<sub>Cs</sub>) at a temperature of zero Kelvin (-273.15°C), which is exactly 290,097,396,344,952 vibrations from the ground state of the isotope to a hyperfine energy level. This is the most stable and reproducible phenomena in nature, as it is accurate over a time span of hundreds of millions of years.
-Minutes form the basis of the stardate time measurement system in Starfleet and the Federation, and extensions of the minute include days (600 minutes equals one day) and years (600,000 minutes equals one year).  Subsequently, a day is 290,097,396,344,952 vibrations of the Cs-133 atom, and a year 1000 times that.  Seconds and hours are considered subsidiary to the minute due to the diversity of planetary dynamics between the worlds of the Federation, where some planets rotate faster or slower than others.  Therefore, they are used only in the context on maintaining a circadian rhythm aboard a Starfleet vessel, allowing them to synchronize to a common standard across the fleet.  For these purposes, and due to the fact that Starfleet was originally an Earth-centric organization, a second is considered one-sixtieth of a minute, and an hour sixty times that of a minute.  This allows for a day to remain an easily convertible metric from hours (10 hours equals a day), and a minute to continue an Earth tradition of being sixty seconds.  There are no delineations for weeks or months in the stardate time measurement system.
+Days form the basis of the stardate time measurement system in Starfleet and the Federation, an extension of the day is year, where 1000 days equals one year.  Hours, minutes, and seconds are considered subsidiary to the day due to the diversity of planetary dynamics between the worlds of the Federation, where some planets rotate faster or slower than others.  Therefore, they are used only in the context of maintaining a circadian rhythm aboard a Starfleet vessel, allowing them to synchronize to a common standard across the fleet.  For this purpose, an easily-convertable metric for determining an hour is one-tenth of a day.  Additionally, due to the fact that Starfleet was originally an Earth-centric organization, a minute is considered one-sixtieth of an hour, and a second is one-sixtieth of a minute.  This allows for a day to remain an easily convertible metric from hours (10 hours equal a day), and a minute to continue an Earth tradition of being sixty seconds.  There are no delineations for weeks or months in the stardate time measurement system.
 In Starfleet, it is very common for starships to continue utilizing a 24-hour clock for establishing daily schedules and routines, and then switch to stardates for multi-day events and log entries.  Aboard a Starfleet vessel with a mostly humanoid crew, a single "day" is still colloquially referred to as a normal day/night schedule in order to maintain a circadian rhythm, which will equal to approximately 2.74 days under the stardate measure.  The same can be said for weeks and months, where the 7-day week based on Hellenistic astrology from Terran history is still occasionally used by the crew to breakup the monotony of 1000-day year in the stardate system.  In fact, a stardate "day" will often coincide with a shift change on starship, which happens roughly every 8.767 hours on the 24-hour Terran clock.  Normally, it is up to the skipper to define whether that shift change occurs on the Terran or the stardate system.  Regardless, all official ship business is required to be recorded in the stardate system.
-Below is a table defining the stardate time measurement system in comparison to the Terran 24-hour clock:
+Below is a table defining the stardate time measurement system in comparison to the Terran system:
-|  |  Stardate system  |  Terran system  |  |
+|  |  //Stardate system//  |  //Terran system//  |  |
-|  1 Second is…^  8,058,261,009.582  ^  9,192,631,770  |Vibrations of Cs-133 at -273.15°C  |
+|  1 Day is…^  290,097,396,344,952  ^  794,243,384,928,000  |Δ//v//<sub>Cs</sub> at 0K  |
-|  1 Minute is…^  483,495,660,575  ^  551,557,906,200  |Vibrations of Cs-133 at -273.15°C  |
+|  1 Year is…^  290,097,396,344,952,000  ^  290,097,396,344,952,000  |Δ//v//<sub>Cs</sub> at 0K  |
-|  1 Hour is…^  29,009,739,634,495.2  ^  33,093,474,372,000  |Vibrations of Cs-133 at -273.15°C  |
+|  <wrap lo>seconds</wrap>  ||||
-|  1 Day is…^  290,097,396,344,952  ^  794,243,384,928,000  |Vibrations of Cs-133 at -273.15°C  |
-|  1 Year is…^  290,097,396,344,952,000  ^  290,097,396,344,952,000  |Vibrations of Cs-133 at -273.15°C  |
-|  ||||
 |  1 Minute is…^  60  ^  60  |seconds  |
 |  1 Hour is…^  3,600  ^  3,600  |seconds  |
 |  1 Day is…^  36,000  ^  86,400  |seconds  |
 |  1 Year is…^  36,000,000  ^  31,557,600  |seconds  |
-|  ||||
+|  <wrap lo>minutes</wrap>  ||||
 |  1 Hour is…^  60  ^  60  |minutes  |
 |  1 Day is…^  600  ^  1,440  |minutes  |
-|  1 Year is…^  6,000  ^  525,960  |minutes  |
+|  1 Year is…^  600,000  ^  525,960  |minutes  |
-|  ||||
+|  <wrap lo>hours</wrap>  ||||
 |  1 Day is…^  10  ^  24  |hours  |
 |  1 Year is…^  10,000  ^  8,766  |hours  |
-|  ||||
+|  <wrap lo>days</wrap>  ||||
 |  1 Year is…^  1,000  ^  365.25  |days  |
 <tabbox Measures>
@@ Line 104: / Line 101: @@
 O0 to O9 = **<fc #9bb0ff>Blue</fc>** (Surface Temperature: 28,000 K to 50,000 K)\\
-B0 to B9 = **<fc #aabfff>Light Blue</fc>** (Surface Temperature: 10,000 K to 28,000 K)\\
+B0 to B9 = **<fc #aabfff>Deep Blue White</fc>** (Surface Temperature: 10,000 K to 28,000 K)\\
-A0 to A9 = **<fc #cad7ff>White</fc>** (Surface Temperature: 7,500 K to 10,000 K)\\
+A0 to A9 = **<fc #cad7ff>Blue White</fc>** (Surface Temperature: 7,500 K to 10,000 K)\\
-F0 to F9 = **<fc #f8f7ff>Light Yellow</fc>** (Surface Temperature: 6,000 K to 7,500 K)\\
+F0 to F9 = **<fc #f8f7ff>White</fc>** (Surface Temperature: 6,000 K to 7,500 K)\\
-G0 to G9 = **<fc #fff4ea>Yellow</fc>** (Surface Temperature: 5,000 K to 6,000 K)\\
+G0 to G9 = **<fc #fff4ea>Yellowish White</fc>** (Surface Temperature: 5,000 K to 6,000 K)\\
 K0 to K9 = **<fc #ffd2a1>Orange</fc>** (Surface Temperature: 3,500 K to 5,000 K)\\
 M0 to M9 = **<fc #ffcc6f>Red</fc>** (Surface Temperature: 2,500 K to 3,500 K)\\
@@ Line 171: / Line 168: @@
 Today, with the advent of warp drive, it is possible to artificially exceed the speed of light. By using the energy produced by a dilithium-mediated matter/antimatter reaction, the fabric of space can be bent, or warped, forcing it to act like an artificial gravity well for matter and energy. In this way, a vessel can use a standard fusion engine or ion-propulsion system to cross this "warped" space resulting in travel time vastly shorter than if it occurred in "unwarped" space. Depending upon how carefully the matter/antimatter reaction is controlled, the amount of warped space can be increased resulting in even shorter travel times. However, there is an upper limit of how much space can be artificially warped. This is known as the "warp barrier."
-Below is a listing of travel times under the different possible warp speeds that space vessels may travel. The lightspeed multiplier refers to how many times the speed of light that that particular warp speed is. Warp factor 0.5 is approximately twice that of full impulse speed. Warp factor 9.9999 is approximately the speed of subspace radio. Until recently, warp factor 10 was considered impossible due to the Theory of Infinite Velocity, as a starship traveling at such as speed would mathematically exist in every location of the universe at once.  However, it is now known that this speed is technically achievable, but has deleterious effects on all biological lifeforms.  Regardless, warp 10 is included as a reference.
+Below is a listing of travel times under the different possible warp speeds that space vessels may travel. The lightspeed multiplier refers to how many times the speed of light that that particular warp speed is. Warp factor 0.5 is approximately twice that of full impulse speed. Warp factor 9.9999 is approximately the speed of subspace communications. Until recently, warp factor 10 was considered impossible due to the Theory of Infinite Velocity, as a starship traveling at such as speed would mathematically exist in every location of the universe at once.  However, it is now known that this speed is technically achievable, but has deleterious effects on all biological lifeforms.  Regardless, warp 10 is included as a reference.

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